مجله پایش
سال بیست و یکم شماره 4 (پیاپی 104، امرداد و شهریور 1401)

Globalization and health indicators have been the focus of many investigators worldwide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate on the effect of globalization on infant and child mortality in ECO member countries.

The present study was performed with a macroeconomic approach. Globalization data on infant and child mortality were extracted from the World Bank and from 2002 to 2018 ECO countries. The models were estimated in Stata 14 software by data panel regression method with random effects.

The results showed that although the effect of public and private expenditures was increased and reduced deaths, the effect of private health expenditures was quite significant (P=0.004). Regarding the effect of the Globalization Index, the effect of the Social Globalization Index was significant (P < 0.0001). However, the effect of the Economic Globalization Index was not significant (P=0.088). Finally, the effect of the Political Globalization Index was also insignificant on infant mortality in ECO member countries.

Overall, it can be concluded that globalization improved the health indicators as a result of reduced infant and children mortality.

Hospitals spend about half of the national health expenditures. Some of the costs imposed on hospitals are due to inappropriate admissions that result in a waste of resources. The purpose of this study was to estimate the inappropriate hospital admission rates in southeast of Iran during 2014 to 2019.

A cross-sectional study was conducted in the two largest hospitals of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZAUMS) in 2020. The study population included patients admitted to the internal medicine and surgery wards of two teaching hospitals of which 602 persons were selected through a multi-stage sampling method. Data were collected from medical records using an Appropriate Evaluation Protocol (AEP). SPSS software (v. 24) was used to analyze the data using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests. P < 0.05 was considered as statistical significance.

The rate of inappropriate admissions in hospitals was 8.3% and inappropriate hospital stay was 3.5%. Also, 12% of laboratory services, physician visits, nursing services and medicine in these hospitals were inappropriate. The results of chi-square test showed that the ratio of inappropriate admissions in both internal medicine and surgery wards were significantly different (P <0.05). Also, there were no any significant relationship between inappropriate admission and hospitals, age groups and gender. 

According to the findings, the rate of inappropriate admissions in hospitals in southern Iran is high. In order to reduce inappropriate admissions, the following suggestion might be recommended: accuracy in hospital triage, full use of referral system, and employment of specialized physicians in public hospitals.

This study was conducted in 2020-21 with the aim of determining the satisfaction of patients admitted to Corona Medical Center in Ila, Iran.

This was a descriptive study that was conducted on 200 inpatients with covid-19 in medical centers in Ilam province, Iran from December 21, 2020 to March 21, 2021. The data was collected using a questionnaire including items on demographic information and disease symptoms and the Persian version of patient satisfaction index (PSI). The data was analyzed using SPSS- 22 statistical software an independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance statistical methods.

The results showed that the mean score of patient satisfaction was 3.47 ± 0.34. Education (P = 0.02), length of hospital stay (P = 0.025), patient history of hospitalization (P = 0.01) and symptoms of Covid-19 such as chest pain (p=0.02) and gait disturbance (P = 0.001) showed significant relationships with patients’ satisfaction. The highest level of patient satisfaction was for patient education (3.70±0.56) and the lowest level of satisfaction was for trust (3.33±0.45).

Patient satisfaction with the services provided in the hospital is considered a very important indicator for evaluating the quality of care and treatment services. Health status, personal characteristics and characteristics of the health system are factors related to patient satisfaction.

Laboratory tests, despite their essential role in the diagnosis and management of many diseases, are often costly. Therefore, this study investigated the prescription and the cost of tests for patients admitted to two hospitals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences in the Covid 19 pandemic.

This was a cross-sectional study on a sample of patients with Covid-19 that admitted to two hospitals of Kashan University of Medical Sciences (a teaching hospital and a general hospital). We collected the data on prescription and laboratory tests and analyzed the data using the statistical tests.

The results showed that 42 types of tests were prescribed in the first and third peaks of the Covid 19 pandemic in the two hospitals. Cr, BUN, K, Na tests were the most prescribed tests, and Troponin and CRP were the most expensive tests. There were no significant differences in prescribing and cost of tests in the general hospital, but in the teaching hospital there were significant differences in prescribing and cost of tests in the first and third peaks (P= 0.003).

Due to unknown nature of Covid 19 disease and the high incidence of the disease at the beginning of the pandemic, a definite decision for laboratory tests was not possible. However, the findings indicate that many of tests were requested for most patients at regular intervals, while it was more desirable that these were prescribed on a case-by-case basis.

Recognizing the factors affecting the performance of health researchers has a vital role in enhancing the health indicators and promoting society’s health level. Studies indicate that researchers’ productivity and performance vary, depending on the individual or environmental characteristics. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the effective factors in the relationship between the quality of work-life, psychological capital, and job performance of health researchers.

The statistical population for this research consisted of 339 faculty members in the health area, of whom 181 were randomly selected, and data were collected using questionnaires. Then, the results were analyzed via statistical tests.

The findings implied that job performance and psychological capital were at a high level, while the quality of work-life was at a medium level. Furthermore, some components of the quality of work-life and psychological capital were identified as effective factors on the job performance of health researchers.

Distinguishing the relationships between variables and components of health researchers’ job performance allows corresponding managers to directionally invest in and benefit from raising the performance of researchers.

Infertility targets marital identity and can disrupt the natural course of a couple's sex life. Narrative Therapy (NT) and Good Enough Sex Model (GESM) are specific methods to promote mental-sexual health. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effectiveness of these two methods on the attitude and sexual satisfaction of infertile couples.

This was a quasi-experimental study using pretest- posttest design with a control group. Forty-eight clients referred to urology and genecology office in Tehran, Iran, with primary infertility problem were studied. They were selected through convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three groups of 16 individuals such as NT, GESM and control groups. The content of NT and GESM was performed separately for the experimental groups for 4 sessions of 90 minutes. To collect data, the demographic questionnaire, Dehghani’ attitude questionnaire and Hudson’ sexual satisfaction questionnaire, was used. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 26 and descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance, Bonferroni post hoc test and mixed analysis of variance were used.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that both treatments had a significant effect on sexual attitude in the post-test compared to the control group (P <0.001). Bonferroni test indicates the superiority of NT over the GESM in promoting sexual attitude (P <0.05), and the greater impact of the GESM than the NT in promoting sexual satisfaction of infertile couples was observed (P <0.05). The results of repeated measures analysis also showed the persistence of effects in the follow-up stage (P <0.05).

The findings showed that the narrative therapy and the good enough sex model, are two appropriate interventional program to promote attitude and sexual satisfaction in infertile married people.

Marital satisfaction is one of the essential components of family stability. The present study aimed to determine the effect of couple therapy with a self-regulation approach on marital satisfaction.

This was a quasi-experimental study. Participants were sixty clients referred to psychological and counseling centers in Karaj, Iran with marital problems; selected by convenience sampling method. They were randomly assigned into two groups of fifteen pairs: experimental and control groups. The marital satisfaction questions from Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), were used for data collection. Couples in the experimental group received self-regulation therapy for eight sessions. Marital satisfaction was assessed at three points in time: baseline, immediately after the couple therapy, and two-months follow-up. Independent t-tests, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and LSD post hoc test was used. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.

The mean age of the experimental and control group was 32.46 and 33.43 years, respectively. Marital satisfaction score in three times assessments in the experimental group was 29.23, 40.50, and 39.1 (P<0.05), and in the control group it was 29.03, 29.20, and 25.3 respectively (P>0.05). The difference in the marital satisfaction score in the post-test and follow-up assessments between the two groups also showed a significant difference (P<0.05).

Couple therapy with a self-regulation approach improves marital satisfaction.

Personal communication between health care providers and clients is one of the most important factors affecting the satisfaction of clients from comprehensive health service centers. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effect of virtual training based on the theory of Reasoned Action developed on the interpersonal communication skills of health care workers in Ahvaz city.

This intervention study was conducted on 88 health care providers in Ahvaz, Iran (44 people in the test group and 44 people in the control group) in 2021. The data were collected before and 2 months after the intervention by using a questionnaire including items on the theory of Reasoned Action constructs and a questionnaire assessing the interpersonal communication skills. The educational content was provided to the test group in a virtual environment using the WhatsApp during 12 sessions each lasting for 60 minutes. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software version 24 and descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used.

The average score of the constructs of the theory of Reasoned Action in the test group compared to the control group increased significantly after the intervention. Also, the interpersonal communication skills in the test group increased significantly after the intervention compared to the control group. The most change was related to attitude and behavior and the least change was related to subjective norms.

Training based on the theory of rational action developed virtually using social network (WhatsApp) was effective in improving the interpersonal communication skills of health care providers. It seems that the implementation of such training programs can be useful for increasing the interpersonal communication skills of health care providers.

Textbooks are the main educational resources in schools. The present study was conducted to analyze the content of high school English national textbooks in terms of the four dimensions of health literacy, i.e., accessing/obtaining information relevant to health, understanding information relevant to health, processing/appraising information relevant to health, applying/using information relevant to health.

This descriptive research was done using quantitative content analysis method. The unit of analysis was the sentence. The predetermined categories were used. The population consisted of all the English language books of high school. The level of attention of English national textbooks to health literacy were analyzed in the three health domains of health care, disease prevention and health promotion, as well as in the four dimensions of accessing, understanding, appraising, and applying.

The findings showed that attention to the dimensions of accessing, appraising, and applying was neglected or very poor. Regarding the understanding dimension, some parts of the content in grade 8 and 9 was allocated to healthcare domain (7% and 10% respectively) and in grade 8 and 11 some parts (7% and 9%respectively) were allocated to health promotion. In addition, the findings showed that English national textbooks do not equip students with the ability to appraise and apply health information.

The English national textbooks have a unique occasion to provide students with learning opportunities arising from real life. To do so, there is a need to integrate different dimensions of health literacy into the content of these books.

Resilience could result in individuals’ stability and subsequently could contribute to one’s mental health during difficult situations. Thus, this study aimed to assess resilience and its related factors in adult populations.

This was a population-based study among a random sample of Iranian adults aged 18 to 65 years old. To collect data a short demographic questionnaire and the Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC2) was administered. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were performed to explore the data.

In all 20487 Iranian adults participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 41.25±13.9. The mean resilience score was 6.1±1.9 (out of 8). Overall, 57.2 percent of participants scored equal or higher than mean. The results obtained from logistic regression analysis indicated that younger age (OR= 0.996، 95%CI: 0.993-0.999), education [primary school (OR= 2.00, 95%CI: 1.83-2.19), high school (OR=1.35، 95% CI: 1.26-1.44)], employment status [unemployed (OR= 1.12, 95%CI: 0.98-1.28), housewife (OR= 1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.4), student (OR= 1.35, 95%CI: 1.22-1.48), employed (OR= 1.50, 95%CI: 1.33-1.69)] were significantly associated with lower resilience.

The findings suggest that Iranian adults showed a relatively high resilience during the covid-19 pandemic. It seems that age, education and employment status play important role in increased or decreased resilience.